Category Archives: Uncategorized

The Great Bridge 127 Years Old

127 years ago, on a cloudless sunny May 24th morning in 1883, an estimated 50,000 citizens from across the nation gathered in the City of Brooklyn to mark the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge, then hailed as the “Eighth Wonder of the World”. With vessels in the harbor decorated with flags and bunting, the opening ceremony included dignitaries from President Chester A. Arthur and several members of the Cabinet, to NY Governor and soon-to-be President Grover Cleveland, New York Mayor Franklin Edson and Brooklyn Mayor Seth Low. Historian David McCullough’s The Great Bridge (Call #KFX2071 .M138) in the New York Collection of the Brooklyn Law School Library, provides not only interesting facts about the engineering feats that created the Brooklyn Bridge, but also insight into New York and Brooklyn after the Civil War. The book describes the opening day ceremony as:

“the biggest celebration New York had seen since the opening of the Erie Canal nearly sixty years before. Some of the Irish were unhappy because the day chosen for the ceremony happened also to be Queen Victoria’s birthday, but almost everybody else had a splendid time. Both cities went on a holiday and the fireworks on the bridge that night lasted a solid hour. In all some fourteen tons of rockets and flares were set off from the center of the river span and from the tops of the towers. Bands played on board excursion steamers on the river and the celebrating lasted until dawn.”

The next day’s NY Times front page story reported the festivities in greater detail.

Brooklyn Heights neighborhood historian Karl Junkersfeld put together this 10 minute video tribute to the Brooklyn Bridge for its 127th Anniversary with photos, drawings and paintings of the bridge’s construction, opening day and views of the bridge since.

Career Alternatives for Law Grads

A post at Above the Law discusses career alternatives for law school graduates who are open to using their law degrees and legal training working somewhere other than a large law firm. The post, Career Alternatives: Internship Market Maker, features an interview with Brooklyn Law School alum Cari Sommer, Class of 2001. Cari is one of the co-founders of Urban Interns, a recruiting website that connects small businesses with part-time assistants. Through the site, employers pay $40 for a job posting and access to the candidate database for 30 days. Job seekers can search the listings for free, but also have the option of highlighting their profile for a fee. The site started with NYC area positions, and has expanded to Boston, Chicago, and DC. It was named one of America’s Most Promising Startups by Business Week and was featured in the Wall Street Journal, Reuters, CNN.com World Business and Crain’s New York. Through ongoing research on the hiring trends of business owners across the country, Cari and her co-founder Lauren Porat are experts on the topic.

After attending Brooklyn Law School, Cari began her career as a litigator at Cadwalader Wickersham & Taft and later Bryan Cave LLP. Lauren, who graduated from the University of Michigan, worked in investment banking at Merrill Lynch and later worked in private equity at Oaktree Capital Management and at the internet conglomerate IAC, where she worked in a variety of financial and strategic planning roles. Cari and Lauren met when they both served as board members of Step Up Women’s Network, a national nonprofit membership organization dedicated to creating community resources for women and girls.

This video of Cari and Lauren explain how their business model works:

News & Commentary in Print and in the Library

The Wall Street Journal recently reported that The New York Times will begin charging for access to its website in January 2011 and The Atlantic Monthly has a cover story in the current issue entitled “Inside Google: the Company’s Daring Plan to Save the News (and Itself)” by James Fallows, discussing, among other things, the need for newspapers to set up “paywalls,” where their website users will have to pay for content. As you may have heard, many newspapers and news magazines are in dire financial straits; Newsweek is reportedly looking for a buyer; newspapers are losing advertising dollars to Craigslist.

Now that it’s summer in law school (if not in the real world) and you may have a few more minutes to browse and even read some newspapers and magazines in print, here is a list of what the library has accessible and available in the first floor newspaper rack and magazine stand:

Newspapers:
Financial Times
National Law Journal
New York Law Journal
New York Times
Wall Street Journal
Washington Post

Magazines:
Atlantic Monthly
Bloomberg Markets
Economist
Forbes
Nation
New York
New Yorker
Wired

The library has also stopped binding law reviews so that unbound issues are now accessible and available on the third floor in the Law Review Room and the Subin Reading Room.

SEC Circuit Breaker Rule Proposal

The dramatic drop in the stock market that occurred on May 6 causing the Dow Jones Average to plummet 1,000 points, 10% of its total value, in a half hour has prompted the Securities and Exchange Commission to propose a rule that would pause trading of individual stocks if the trading price falls 10 percent or more in a five-minute period. A Wall Street Journal article ‘Flash Crash’ Plan: a Circuit Breaker for Every Stock reports the SEC proposed rule change announced this week. The SEC is working with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) on this issue.

SEC Chairman Mary Schapiro said she believed that disparate trading rules and conventions across the exchanges exacerbated the “flash crash”. The proposed rule comes as the SEC and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) released Preliminary Findings Regarding the Market Events of May 6, 2010. On page 75, the staff report states “the SEC is taking a number of steps to identify the cause or causes of the May 6 market disruption as well as factors that may have exacerbated that event, and to develop regulatory initiatives to help prevent a recurrence.”

While the cause of the “flash crash” remains unclear, the report focused on orders placed by high-frequency traders, or HFTs, firms that barely existed a few years ago but now account for two-thirds of all US stock trading. It makes these observations about high frequency traders which it defines as “professional traders that use computer systems to engage in strategies that generate a large number of trades on a daily basis.”:

Both the CFTC and the SEC have had extensive conversations with a wide variety of market participants (investors, hedge funds, exchange traded funds, dealers, high frequency traders, etc.) to better understand their trading activities throughout May 6, and to gather anecdotal evidence from which common themes and/or trends can be identified to inform further areas of investigation.

The SEC needs to develop the tools necessary to readily identify large traders and be able to evaluate their trading activity is heightened by the fact that large traders, including certain high-frequency traders, are playing an increasingly prominent role in the securities markets.

See the NY Times DealBook article Speedy New Traders Make Waves Far From Wall Street for more on the growing impact of high-frequency traders.

In a press release issued by the SEC this week, Schapiro said “I believe it is important that all the exchanges quickly reached consensus on a set of uniform circuit breakers that would be triggered when needed. Today’s filings reflect that consensus. I am pleased by the constructive cooperation of the exchanges and FINRA, as evidenced by their rapid response.” The proposed rule is laid out in the SEC Release No.34-62131.

A CNN.Money report Schapiro: Robo-trading eyed in ‘flash crash’ says that Schapiro told a Senate panel that computerized trading could be responsible for the historic market plunge on May 6 and that the 1,000-point stock plunge was “possibly exacerbated by the withdrawal of liquidity by electronic market makers and the use of market orders, including automated stop-loss market orders.” This video featuring Fortune’s Managing Editor Andy Server explains the more proactive regulatory stance that the SEC is now taking:

Corruption Perceptions Index 2009

Transparancy International (TI), an international non-governmental organization fighting corruption is trying to raise public awareness about corruption. Its 2009 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) measures the perceived level of public-sector corruption in 180 countries and territories around the world and lists the US as number 18 (behind 17 other nations: New Zealand, Denmark, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, Finland, Netherlands, Australia, Canada, Iceland, Norway, Hong Kong, Luxembourg, Germany, Ireland, Austria, Japan and the United Kingdom). In its regional highlights for the Americas, TI states:

The United States (US) is weathering widespread concerns over a lack of government oversight in relation to the financial sector. A swift government response to the financial crisis and moves towards regulatory reforms that include transparency and accountability measures, may have countered scepticism. Nonetheless, it remains to be seen whether proposed reforms are far-reaching enough and to what extent they will be implemented. Another reason for concern is that in the US the legislature is perceived to be the institution most affected by corruption, according to TI’s Global Corruption Barometer, a public opinion survey published in 2009.

An investigative article by Bloomberg News on one of the biggest criminal investigations in public finance may worsen that perception. The story involves accusations of wrongdoing against big banks (including JPMorgan, UBS, Lehman Brothers, Wachovia, Bank of America and Citigroup) involved in an alleged conspiracy in a massive bid-rigging scandal over the use of guaranteed investment contracts, or GICs in the municipal bond market. The GICs act like certificates of deposit for the cash raised from municipal bond offerings. Since interest rates on GICs are not published, local governments put the contracts out for competitive bidding for small advisory firms to run the auctions in order to get the highest interest rates. The indictments from October 2009 against one of the advisory firms, CDR Financial Products of Beverly Hills, allege that the process appears to have been rigged, according to the Bloomberg story. In March and February, three employees of CDR Financial Products pleaded guilty to bid-rigging, fraud conspiracies and wire fraud.

The charges against CDR claim the firm told over a dozen big banks that sell GICs, how to lowball their bids to win business from the state and local governments. The banks, in turn, paid kickbacks to CDR. Involved are 160 state agencies, local governments and non-profits that may have lost hundreds of millions of dollars. States including West Virginia were effected by the nationwide conspiracy. The US Justice Department filed a criminal antitrust case over contracts holding tens of billions of taxpayer dollars in the US District Court in Manhattan on March 24 that is now under seal.

The workings of the conspiracy — which stretched from California to Pennsylvania in the $2.8 trillion municipal bond market and included more than 200 deals involving about 160 state agencies, local governments and non- profits — can be pieced together from the Justice Department’s indictment of CDR Financial Products Inc., civil lawsuits by governments around the country, e-mails obtained by Bloomberg News and interviews with current and former bankers and public officials. Bloomberg News has this quote:

“The whole investment process was rigged across the board,” said Charlie Anderson, who retired in 2007 as head of field operations for the Internal Revenue Service’s tax-exempt bond division. “It was so commonplace that people talked about it on the phones of their employers and ignored the fact that they were being recorded.
Anderson said he referred scores of cases to the Justice Department when he was with the IRS. He estimates that bid rigging cost taxpayers billions of dollars. Anderson said prosecutors are lining up conspirators to plead guilty and name names.
“This will go on for a long time and a lot of people will be indicted.”

Stay tuned as this story develops.

Hollywood Hits the Library

Next week, a scene from a new production titled Something Borrowed will be filmed in the Crea reading room on the second floor of the Library. The film, directed by Luke Greenfield and starring Kate Hudson, is based on the Emily Griffin debut novel of the same name. The story is about a young, New York lawyer who has a drunken, one night fling with her best friend’s fiance (who is also a lawyer) and ends up falling in love with him. The N.Y. Times Booklist gave it a starred review and called it a compelling read in the crowed genre of “chick lit.” Publishers Weekly was not as generous but still advised that it was an enjoyable “beach read.”

On May 27th, the film crew will be working in the Crea reading room and prepping it for filming on the 28th. The room will be closed on both May 27th and May 28th. Please plan to make yourselves comfortable in other areas of the library. We are not sure if Ms. Hudson will be in the scene or not – so keep your eyes peeled!

Episode 054 – Conversation with BLS Professor Karen Porter

Episode 054 – Conversation with BLS Professor Karen Porter.mp3

This podcast features Assistant Professor of Clinical Law Karen Porter talking about Brooklyn Law School’s Center for Health, Science, and Public Policy. Professor Porter is its executive director and runs the Health Law Clinic. In this conversation, she discusses the externships at leading public and non-profit organizations in the New York metropolitan that are available through the Center for Health, Science, and Public Policy. These organizations’ missions include health care delivery, access to care, public health or broader public policy concerns. She describes how BLS students are exposed to a rigorous curriculum, which provides them with the substantive knowledge and practical skills needed to become excellent lawyers in fields related to health and science. Through the externships, students gain real-world experience, address difficult challenges in law and policy, and make meaningful contributions.

Information on Elena Kagan

Reference Librarian Kincaid Brown of the University of Michigan Law Library has created an informational web page for US Supreme Court nominee Solicitor General Elena Kagan. In addition to biographical information about Elena Kagan, the site links to her authored works, transcripts of speeches and links to the 2009 confirmation hearings for Ms. Kagan’s nomination as Solicitor General. Kincaid will update the site as new information becomes available. When the confirmation hearings begin, the site will also include links to the hearing transcripts.

The Brooklyn Law School Library has in its collection a video recording related to one of the items on the list: Elena Kagan, Regulation of Hate Speech and Pornography after R.A.V., 60 U. CHI. L. REV. 873 (1993) (HeinOnline). Speech, Equality & Harm, Call #KF4770.Z9 S64 1993 is a seven part video available in the library’s AV collection. Tape number 3 features the Pornography, Hate Speech and the First Amendment Panel and runs 229 minutes with 12 minutes of Elena Kagan’s comments on freedom of expression at about the 217 minute mark. The 1993 video of the then 33 year-old Kagan dates from when she was on the faculty of the University of Chicago Law School as an assistant professor 17 years ago.

Interestingly, Kagan grew up Manhattan’s Stuyvesant Town, graduated Hunter College High School on the Upper East Side and later lived on West End Avenue. If confirmed, she would boost NYC’s representation on the Supreme Court to four members; Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born in Brooklyn, Justice Sonia Sotomayor spent part of her childhood in public housing in the Bronx and Justice Antonin Scalia grew up in Queens. BLS Professor Jason Mazzone commented: “I don’t think that there’s anything in the water or in the air that’s causing this, but it’s really notable. You would never find at any prior point in history four justices from the same city.”

Source: the Academic Law Libraries Special Interest Section of the American Association of Law Libraries

Library Services for the Class of 2010

Congratulations to our newest class of graduates! Waiting to Graduate

Here is some information about Brooklyn Law School (BLS) building access, library services, and access to electronic resources. This information is for recent graduates planning to remain in the Brooklyn area over the summer for bar exam study.

Building Access: Although your BLS identification card expired upon graduation, you are eligible to enter the library with a current BLS Alumni membership card. Alumni with current membership cards have unlimited access to the library’s print resources and limited access to certain digital resources for research purposes.

Borrowing Privileges: Your Library borrowing privileges will expire on August 31, 2010.

BLS email: Your BLS email account will remain active until August 31, 2011. Please contact BLS IT if you would like to forward email from your BLS account to another email address.

Library Print and Other Electronic Resources Access: Once in the library, you will have unlimited access to the Library’s print resources and access to certain digital resources for research purposes. Please see the Reference Desk for questions regarding access to electronic resources.

BLS Wireless Access: Your BLS wireless access is tied to your BLS email account. You will wireless access while on BLS’ campus, including the Library, until August 31, 2011. Once your email account expires, you will not have wireless access in the Library. The Library suggests Alumni use Ethernet cables for internet access while in the Library.

Brooklyn Law School Library congratulates the Class of 2010. Please keep us posted on your adventures, additions, and achievements. We remain available to assist you with your legal research questions. Call or stop by.

Free Parking

One of the book jackets in the cellar level display case maintained by Brooklyn Law School Associate Librarian Linda Holmes is The High Cost of Free Parking by Donald C. Shoup (Call #HE336.P37 S56). This 734 page book critically discusses the link between transportation and land use and argues that the topic of free parking deserves more attention than it has historically received. Shoup, analyzing parking problems and their solution, addresses the reason for such problems: the assumption that parking should be free. Analogizing to the idea of free gasoline, he states the obvious result: people would drive too much, shortages of gasoline would develop, fights would break out over scarce gas, and governments would go broke trying to pay for it all. This book argues that parking is no different and that providing free parking leads to overuse, shortages and conflicts over parking. Cash-strapped local governments and neighborhoods also lose out. The high price of housing is due to requirements by local governments that a certain number of parking spaces must be provided. These costs are paid by everyone, including those who do not own a car.

In NPR’s recent show Charge More for Parking, Reap Benefits Beyond Revenue, Andrea Burnstein discussed how New York City has been quietly experimenting with variable pricing in Greenwich Village and Park Slope to encourage drivers to leave spots more quickly. An 86 page report called U.S. Parking Policies: An Overview of Management Strategies by the Institute for Transportation Development Policy says that an increasing number of municipalities are looking to variable parking rates as a way to get people to leave their spots more quickly. At page 28, the report says:

In New York City, for example, the Department of Transportation is piloting a “ParkSmart” program which increased meter rates in Park Slope, Brooklyn, from $0.75 to $1.50 per hour during the parking peak. In Greenwich Village, rates have been increased from $1 to $3 per hour as a result of the program. Yet off-street parking rates range between $13 and $25 per hour with the typical rate being $15 or $16. The rate differential results in a $12 to $13 savings per every hour parked at the curb, which is essentially equivalent to paying oneself $12 per hour if it takes a full hour to find a curbside spot. Spending 15 minutes to save $12 is the equivalent hourly rate of someone earning $100,000 annual salary.

The audio of the show is here: